Archives de catégorie : Programme franco-indien

The State of Teacher Education in France: A Critique

Pradeep Kumar Misra, The State of Teacher Education in France: A Critique, FMSH-WP-2014-58, january 2014.

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The author

Dr. Pradeep Kumar Misra is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Education and Allied Sciences of M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India. His research specializations are Teacher Education, Educational Technology and Lifelong Learning.

Acknowledgements

I am extremely grateful to the Fondation maison des Sciences de l’Homme (FMSH), France and University Grants Commission (UGC), India for offering me a scholarship to carry out this study. The kind hospitality, support and guidance provided by Prof. Eric Bruillard and his team, from the ENS Cachan is also gratefully acknowledged.  I would also like to gratefully acknowledge the support and recommendations for this research from Prof. Max Jean Zins, Prof. Pierre Léna and Prof. Georges -Louis Baron. I would also like to express my gratitude to all those who have responded to my survey and given their valuable inputs for this research. Finally, I am thankful to my dear wife and lovely daughter who has given me unconditional support and needed motivation to complete this research.

Résumé

L’analyse comparative des différents systèmes de formations des maitres et des enseignants selon les pays se révèle toujours intéressante. L’étude du système français est particulièrement enrichissante pour l’Inde.

Abstract

The study of teacher education systems of different countries working in different conditions and following different patterns holds great promise to improve teacher education system in general. The analysis of different systems of teacher education helps to understand that what works well and what not in different systems and conditions and this ultimately paves the way for improvement of teacher education systems across the globe. The French teacher education system that is going through a process of change and radical reforms seems an interesting case in this regard. The study of teacher education system of France becomes more significant in a sense that it is unique in many terms and was a topic of debate and policy reforms between previous and present government. In this backdrop, present research analyzes the on-going efforts, policies and practices of teacher education in France; makes a SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunities, threat) analysis of French teacher education system; and identifies best adoptable teacher education policies and practices from France.

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Cosmopolitisme et prédication islamique transfrontalière : le cas de Maulana Abdul Aleem Siddiqui

4048826987_4856acce4ePosition paper par Samadia Sadouni, Cosmopolitisme et prédication islamique transfrontalière : le cas de Maulana Abdul Aleem Siddiqui, FMSH-PP-2013-08, septembre 2013.

L’auteur

Maître de conférences en science politique à l’Institut d’études politiques de Lyon, Samadia Sadouni travaille sur le transnationalisme musulman en Inde et en Afrique du Sud. Elle a notamment publié La controverse islamo-chrétienne en Afrique du Sud. Ahmed Deedat et les nouvelles formes de débat, Aix-en-Provence, Presses Universitaires de Provence, 2011.

Le texte

Ce texte a été élaboré à la suite d’une mission effectuée en Inde en 2011 par l’auteure dans le cadre du programme de coopération bilatérale France-Inde en sciences sociales conclu entre la Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme et l’Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR, New Delhi).

Résumé

Figure de l’islam d’Inde du Nord, Maulana Abdul Aleem Siddiqui (1892-1954) a su déployer à partir de la ville de Meerut des stratégies transnationales pour la prédication islamique dans l’empire britannique et plus particulièrement dans l’espace de l’océan Indien. Sa trajectoire religieuse relève d’une tradition indienne musulmane qu’il a su rénover par des pratiques cosmopolitistes et qui a, par la suite, servi le nationalisme religieux des premiers leaders du Pakistan.

Mots-clés

Islam, Abdul Aleem Siddiqui, cosmopolitisme, prédication, transnational

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Cosmopolitism and cross-border Islamic preaching: the case of Maulana Abdul Aleem Siddiqui

Abstract

A Figure of Islam in North India, Maulana Abdul Aleem Siddiqui (1892-1954) was able to deploy, from the town of Meerut, transnational strategies for Islamic preaching in the British Empire, particularly in the area the Indian Ocean. His religious trajectory belongs to an Indian muslim tradition which the Maulana was able to renovate through cosmopolitist practices. This proved itself to be useful for the religious nationalism of the first leaders of Pakistan.

Keywords

Islam, Abdul Aleem Siddiqui, cosmopolitism, preaching, transnational

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Changing Social Relations between Science and Society: Contemporary Challenges

openaccessWorking paper par Venni V. Krishna, Changing Social Relations between Science and Society: Contemporary Challenges, FMSH-WP-2013-54, november 2013.

The author

Venni V. KRISHNA is Professor in Science Policy at the Jawaharlal Nehru University ( JNU), New Delhi, and Editor-in-Chief of Science, Technology and Society – An International Journal published by Sage Publications. He has a PhD in Sociology of Science from the University of Wollongong, Australia. With over 28 years of research and teaching experience he has published over 30 research papers and five books.

His publications include: Science, Technology and Diffusion of Knowledge: Innovation Systems in Asia-Pacific (Edward Elgar, UK 2007); Scientific Communities in the Developing Countries (Sage Publications, New Delhi 1997); Science and Technology in a Developing World (Kluwer Academic Press, The Netherlands).

He was a consultant to UNESCO, Paris, for the World Science Report 1998; UNESCO Science Report 2005 ; World Social Science Report – Knowledge Divides, 2010; and to the ILO in 2001. He was a Council Member of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), USA. Since 2005-06, he is the correspondent for European Union network programs (ERAWATCH and Trend Chart Analysis) on innovation policies and research policies for India. Dr. Krishna held several visiting positions at FMSH in 1994-96; National University of Singapore in 2008-10; University of New South Wales in 2009-12; and University of Western Sydney in 2004-05. Currently he is holding a Visiting Professorship at the Institute of Advanced Study, United Nations University, Yokohama, Japan.

The text

Charles and Monique Morazé Award Lecture, December 3, 2013. More information on the Charles and Monique Morazé Lecture.

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Abstract

Social history of modern science, particularly the way it acquired social legitimacy clearly depicts the science and society relationships emerging from the time of Galileo. The social institution of science has evolved as one of the most powerful, highly influential and sought out institutions. Knowledge as public good; peer review of science; prominence attached to open publications; and premium placed on professional recognition and scientific autonomy remained the hall mark of science for the last three centuries. Based on this ethos of science, the social institution of science evolved a unique social contract between science and society in the last six decades. As we enter the second decade of 21st century, the social institution of science is undergoing a major change. Three societal forces are responsible for the change: a) globalization; b) industrial and post-industrial society; and c) climate change. What is at stake? Is there a significant change? Is it transforming the very social institution of science? And what implications this has for our contemporary and future society? These are some of the important issues, which will be addressed in this essay, which has inspired the lecture given during the awarding of the Charles and Monique Morazé Prize 2013 to the international journal Science, Technology and Society published by Sage India.

Keywords

ethos of science, science, social institution of science, globalization, post-industrial society, climate change

L’évolution des relations sociales entre science et société : défis contemporains

Résumé

L’histoire sociale de la science moderne, particulièrement la façon dont elle a acquis sa légitimité sociale, analyse les relations entre science et société telles qu’elles émergèrent depuis Galilée. L’institution sociale de la science est devenue au fil du temps l’une des plus puissantes, l’une des plus influentes et l’une des plus courtisées des institutions. La connaissance définie comme bien commun, l’évaluation par les pairs, la prééminence des publications ouvertes, comme celle de la reconnaissance professionnelle et de l’autonomie scientifique ont constitué depuis trois siècles les traits distinctifs de la science. Cette éthique de l’institution scientifique a fourni la base du contrat social qui s’est établi entre science et société depuis six décennies. Mais alors que nous entrons dans la deuxième décennie du XXIe siècle, l’institution sociale de la science est en pleine transformation. Trois dynamiques sociétales expliquent ce changement : la mondialisation ; l’industrialisation et la post-industrialisation ; le changement climatique. Quels en sont les enjeux ? Jusqu’à quel point cette évolution est-elle significative? Jusqu’où l’institution sociale de la science en est-elle elle-même affectée ? Quelles implications ce processus aura-t-il sur la société contemporaine, et sur celle de demain ? L’essai qui suit tente d’éclairer ces importantes questions. Ce texte a servi de base à la conférence prononcée à l’occasion de la remise du Prix Charles et Monique Morazé 2013 à la revue internationale Science, Technology and Society, publiée par Sage India.

Mots-clés

éthique de la science, science, institution sociale de la science, mondialisation, société post-industrielle, changement climatique

Financialization, Labour Market Flexibility, Global Crisis and New Imperialism – A Marxist Perspective

Photo par Slowking4
Photo par Slowking4

Working paper par Byasdeb Dasgupta, docteur en économie de l’Université Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Inde. Financialization, Labour Market Flexibility, Global Crisis and New Imperialism – A Marxist Perspective. FMSH-WP-2013-34, juin 2013.

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L’auteur

Docteur en économie de l’Université Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Inde, Byasdeb Dasgupta consacre sa thèse de doctorat (1996) à un sujet relatif aux problèmes des politiques gestion de la dette. Actuellement Professeur Associé à l’Université de Kalyani, West Bengal, il a dirigé le Département d’Economie de cette Université indienne de 2008 à 2010. Parmi ses nombreuses publications, figurent les ouvrages suivants: Unfreedom and Waged Work – Labour in Indian Manufacturing Industry (avec Sunanda Sen), Sage, New Delhi, 2009 ; Globalization, Foreign
Capital and Development (avec Satanu Bhattacharya, Bishakha Ghosh et Archita Ghosh), Regal Publications, New Delhi, 2010 ; Non-Mainstream Dimensions of Global Political Economy: Finance and Labour – Essays in Honnour of Sunanda Sen, Routledge, Londres, 2013. Deux ouvrages sont à paraître en 2013 : External Dimensions of an Emerging Economy : India, Routledge, et Neoliberal Globalization, Global Capitalism and Inclusive Develpment: Theorizing India’s Economic Transition (avec Anjan Chakrabarti et Anup Dhar), Cambridge University Press.

Abstract

Financialization refers to the over-arching presence of the interest of global finance in every sphere of economic life – be it real or financial. Neo-liberalism, globalisation and financialization are three distinct yet mutually inter-related processes which at the present time are furthering the cause of global capitalism world over. The labour ultimately remains the risk-bearing factor in all these processes, which is obvious in terms of flexible labour regime. There is, on the one  hand, de-regulation of finance and on the other, re-regulation of labour (through labour flexibility); and to our understanding global finance and its circuits of operation cannot be sustained without this flexible labour regime which ensures more and more transfer of surplus in the direction of finance. Global crisis is inherent in these processes of neoliberal globalisation and financialization through which present day global capitalism wants to thrive. So, an alternative needs to be sought in a pro-labour regime which would negate both financialization and neo-liberal globalization.

Keywords

financialization, global finance, labour market, flexibility, neo-liberalism, neo-imperialism

Financialisation, flexibilité du marché du travail, crise globale et néo-impérialisme – une perspective marxiste

Résumé

La «financialisation» est un processus qui suppose la suprématie de l’intérêt financier dans toutes les sphère de la vie économique. La finance n’a désormais plus aucun rapport avec l’activité économique réelle; elle a perdu son rôle traditionnel qui était de faire marcher l’économie réelle en servant de pont entre déficit et surplus. Mais la financialisation se nourrit de la flexibilité de travail qui  aide à faire passer le surplus accumulé dans le secteur réel vers le secteur financier. Elle est elle-même est un processus «marchant à la dette», sur lequel se développent les circuits financiers. La crise globale est une réponse systémique au processus de financialisation, qui vit récemment les circuits financiers s’effondrer comme des château de cartes. Le système économique d’aujourd’hui est celui de la domination de l’économie globale par la finance telle que celle-ci fonctionne désormais dans le cadre de la financialisation. L’auteur analyse ici les rapports entre financialisation et flexilibilité du marché du travail et, en conséquence entre financialisation et crise globale.

Mots-clefs

financialisation, finance globale, marché du travail, flexibilité, néo-libéralisme, néo-impérialisme

Content

Section I: Financialization as a process
Section II: Class Processes and the Labour in the era of Financialization
Section III: Global Crisis and Labour
Section IV: Is New Imperialism Shaping the Current Global?
Conclusion
References

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The ‘Social’ and the ‘Cognitive’ in Language. A Reading of Saussure, and Beyond

Franson Manjali, The ‘Social’ and the ‘Cognitive’ in Language. A Reading of Saussure, and Beyond, FMSH-WP-2012-15, july 2012.

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Ferdinand de SaussureThe author

Professor at School of Language, Literature, and Cultural Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi. Teaching at JNU since 1989. Prior to that, two years of post-doctoral research in Paris (Université Paris-4 Sorbonne and EHESS). Doctorate from Jawaharlal Nehru University in 1986.

Franson Manjali was invited by the Fondation Maison des sciences de l’homme in Paris from April 19 to 26, 2011, in the frame of the Indo-French Programme. He has been associated with different programmes of the FMSH since 1992.

The text

This is the text of a talk at Department of Philosophy, University of Essex, U.K., held on 28th April, 2011. It was written in New Delhi and Paris, and completed in Wivenhoe village, Essex. My Special thanks to Martin Henson and Patrice Maniglier at Essex and Max Zins in Paris.

Abstract

The paper explores in depth the intertwining of the social and the cognitive aspects of language in Ferdinand de Saussure’s classic Course in General Linguistics. This text has been put to new use recently by philosopher Patrice Maniglier, La Vie énigmatique des signes. The central problem for Maniglier is the resuscitation of the Saussure’s central notion of the ‘sign’ in the context of AI [artificial intelligence] / Cognitive Science. The main question is whether a naturally and mechanically arising linguistic ‘sign’ can remain indefinitely open-ended in the sense of the poststructuralists, and whether new cognitive ‘cultural milieus’ are continuously created on the basis of human contacts. Saussure seems to have much to say on this.

Keywords

linguistic sign, social and cognitive aspects of language, Saussure, cultural milieu

Le « social » et le « cognitif » dans le langage : une lecture de Saussure et au-delà

Résumé

Ce papier analyse en profondeur l’imbrication entre les aspects sociaux et les aspects cognitifs du langage dans le classique Cours de linguistique générale de Ferdinand de Saussure. Ce texte a récemment fait l’objet d’une nouvelle lecture par le philosophe Patrice Maniglier dans La Vie énigmatique des signes. Le problème principal pour Maniglier est la résurrection de la notion centrale de « signe » de Saussure dans le contexte de l’intelligence artificielle et des sciences cognitives. Les questions décisives sont les suivantes : est-ce qu’un « signe » linguistique émergeant naturellement et mécaniquement peut rester indéfiniment indéterminé dans le sens des poststructuralistes ? Est-ce que les nouveaux « milieux culturels » cognitifs sont continuellement créés sur la base des contacts humains ? Saussure semble avoir beaucoup à dire à ce sujet.

Mots-clés

signe linguistique, aspects sociaux et cognitifs du langage, Saussure, milieu culturel

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Public Security and the Indian State

Ajay K. Mehra

Political scientist by training, Director (Honorary) of Centre for Public Affairs, a platform for public discourse, along with several public intellectuals. He has been a fellow at the University of Maryland, USA (1991 for 6 months), Salzburg Seminar, Austria (1992). He has researched and written extensively on public security, institutions and governance. Ajay K. Mehra was a member of the Expert Group on Diversity Index (2008); constituted by the Ministry of Minority Affairs, Government of India. He was a member of the Task Force on “Criminal justice, national security and Centre-State cooperation” set up by the Commission on Centre-State Relation, Government of India during 2008-09.

As Visiting Professor at the Fondation Maison de Sciences des l’Homme, he has coedited with René Lévy The Police, State and Society: Perspectives from India and France (Pearson Education, 2011) and is preparing, with René Lévy, another volume on Social Violence and Police and an international conference on “The dilemmas of policing in fast-growing democratizing societies”. He is currently engaged with FMSH partnership on an international research project on “Sharing Sovereignty; Identity, Regionalism And Autonomy: A Cross-National Perspective”.

This paper is published in the frame of the Indo-French Programme of the FMSH.

Abstract

Public security discourse changes how public order has been traditionally viewed by states across the world. India, a country that attained independence from British colonialism in 1947 and has been democratising since, has faced the dilemma and challenges of preparing its security agencies, steeped in colonial culture and politicised since independence, to face the challenges of twenty first century. Organisational, criminal justice system and attitudianal issues dog the public security architecture in India. Since the Constitution of India has assigned the responsibility of public order to states, federal frictions to have arisen lately in dealing with security issues in the national domain such as terrorism and Maoism. The police and other public institutions responsible for the task must be braced up to meet the emerging challenges.

Keywords

police, security, India, justice, federalism, State

FMSH-PP-2012-02 Mehra.